Review of Core Material Relevant to EN123

Ohm's Law and a Hydraulic Analogy: The leaky integrator:

We start with Ohm's Law, Voltage = Current X Resistance, jumping immediately to a hydraulic analogy, the leaky bucket, where voltage is like water pressure, current is like water flow and electrical resistance is like resistance to water flow through a pipe. See below, bucket with area A, flow in F cc/sec, water height h, and leak coefficient G cm^2/sec
(dwg by Jo Schulak)

* Resistance through pipe:

http://www.emedicine.com/radio/byname/basic-fluid-dynamics-principles---application-to-percutaneous-intervention.htm

Capacitance C is analogous to area A of the bucket. Remembering your exposure to differential equations, and assuming an initial condition of no water in the bucket, solve the leaky integrator equation above to find

Series and parallel resistance:

* Voltage divider
* Measuring resistance; tolerance; resistor color code

Definitions of voltage, current: Coulomb's Law and Electric Field

Current flow through by ions through membrane channels
Define Resistance, Conductance
Resistors in series, parallel.
Voltage Divider
Wheatstone bridge
Effect of temperature on resistance: metals vs insulators
Current-voltage characteristic of a diode
    full wave rectifier & diagram of power supply
Power supply = transformer + rectifier + LP filter + regulator
Ground vs common vs reference:
Black, White, Green = Hot, Neutral, Ground.
Power = voltage X current; power dissipation and heat:
   1/4 W resistor trying to dissipate 1W:
surface area vs material volume: another time constant.
Transistor as a switch: the inverter.
emitter follower circuit

Logic circuits: hysteresis on inverter: HI, LO and noise margin.
Base 2 numbers
EXOR, SR latch

Kirchoff's Current Law: outflow is positive

Definition of capacitance
    frequency-dependent impedance of a capacitor
    energy stored in a capacitor
    capacitors in parallel, in series.
    capacitor holding charge
Time constant of a leaky integrator, of an RC circuit
Idea for a defibrillator: 400 Joules / 200 msec

How impedance is different from resistance

Sinusoidal analysis, Fourier Series, Laplace transform
Use of Laplace transform for solving circuit node voltages
    Node admittance matrix
Op Amps: dependent voltage source
LP and HP filters with RC circuits

Faraday's Law
How a transformer works
    
Lorentz force Law